Technical topic: OpenGEODE - SDL Operators: How to work with data

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Introduction

The SDL language primarily targets the description of a system's behaviour. It is however also possible to manipulate data using a collection of built-in operators. This can be convenient to avoid depending on external, manually-written code to process the parameters of messages during the execution of a state machine transition.

Variables are defined in the ASN.1 language and can express simple types (boolean, numbers and enumerated values) as well as complex data structures (records, arrays, and choices). Each type comes with some dedicated operators which are described in this page.


INTEGER types

  MyInt ::= INTEGER (-10 .. 255)
  dcl foo MyInt := 42;


The following can be done (in addition to the +, -, / and * operators):

  foo := -5               -- assign a value
  foo := abs (foo)        -- return 5
  foo := fix (5.7)        -- convert float to integer
  foo := power (10, 2)    -- 100
  foo := (foo + 1) mod 10 -- modulo
  write (foo)
  writeln (foo)           -- display the value (procedure call)


REAL types

  MyReal ::= REAL (0.0 .. 10.0)
   
  dcl foo MyReal := 42.0;
  dcl bar MyInt  := 5;

The following can be done:

  foo := 0.0             -- assign a value
  foo := ceil (1.618)    -- ceiling
  foo := floor (1.618)   -- ceiling
  foo := float (bar)     -- convert integer to real
  foo := round (3.14159) -- round
  foo := sin (3.14)
  foo := cos (3.14)
  foo := sqrt (2)
  foo := trunc (7.77)    -- truncation
  write (foo)
  writeln (foo)


ENUMERATED types

  MyEnum ::= ENUMERATED { foo, bar }
  dcl var MyEnum := foo;
  dcl pos INTEGER (0..1);

Keep in mind that an enumerated in a _state_ and not a number. You can get the _position_ (as a number) of an enumerant like this:

  pos := num (var);

And in the reverse you could set the value from a position:

 var := val (1, MyEnum)  -- sets to bar

You can also print the enumerant name on the screen with the write or writeln operators.


CHOICE types

  MyChoice ::= CHOICE {
     foo BOOLEAN,
     bar INTEGER (0 .. 255)
  }

  dcl a MyChoice := foo : FALSE;   -- ASN.1 Value Notation to set the value

You can evaluate the current choice using the *present* operator in a decision:

   DECISION present (a)  -- test against foo and bar
   writeln (if present (a) = foo then a.foo else a.bar fi)

You can also use an implicit type to store the choice determinant:

   dcl current_choice MyChoice_selection := present (a);

And if you happen to have an ENUMERATED type with the extact same enumerants as the CHOICE options, you can convert from an to:

     MyDeterminants ::= ENUMERATED { foo, bar }
     dcl det MyDeterminants := to_enum (a, MyDeterminants);
     current_choice := to_selector (det, MyChoice);   

SEQUENCE OF types (arrays)

  MySeqOf ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (0..10)) OF BOOLEAN
  dcl foo MySeqOf := { true, false, false };  -- ASN.1 Value Notation
  dcl bar MyInt;
  bar := length (foo) -- 3
  for each in foo:
     call writeln (each);
  endfor


SEQUENCE types (records)

  MySeq ::= SEQUENCE {
     a BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
     b INTEGER (0 .. 255)
  }
  dcl seq MySeq := { a FALSE, b 10 };   -- ASN.1 Value Notation
  DECISION exist (seq.a)  -- test presence of optional field   

TIMER types =

  timer mytimer;

The SET and RESET operators from SDL are indirectly supported via procedure calls:

  set_timer (1000, mytimer);
  reset_timer (mytimer);